The first thing is to start teaching the child to recognize as many objects as possible. This will enable such child to quickly identify letters of the alphabets and blend words when the time comes. Limit your lessons only on identification of objects. Get big images of objects and practice the identification on daily bases.
After the child can identify as much objects as possible. Get flash cards with images or picture books. Cover it and ask the child what is with you by calling the sound of the letters of the objects. For example, hhh aaa t, rrr aaa mmm, c aaa t, and so on. Have a pause between the sounds. Show the child the picture of the object you are trying to say after the child has gotten the answer. You have just introduce the child to what we call oral blending.
The next thing is the phoneme awareness which is the sound of the letters. Introduce the phonemes one after the other orally, starting with those ones that can be stretched like f,m,n,a,l,s,e,r then the bouncy phonemes like b,d,t,p,c,g and so on. It is very important to teach them the correct sound. Ask the child, do you hear ffff in fan or man, do you hear t in mat or cap, do you hear sss in big or sun.
Now teach the letters with their basic sound. Show the child how the letters are formed and teach the letters one at a time. Relate the letters with known objects that give the basic sound of the letters. You can as well teach the child how to blend as he/she learns the letters. You don't need to wait until he/she master all the letters.
The above steps start as soon as the child start talking which is always one and half years of age.
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